Difference Between Aggregate Demand And The Price Level

Question (3) A) What is Aggregate Demand? Aggregate demand is the total amount that all consumers, businesses, government agencies, and foreigners spend on final goods and services. Aggregate demand is represented by the aggregate-demand curve, and it describes the relationship between price levels and the quantity of output that firms are willing to provide. Aggregate demand is not a fixed number because it depends on the price level. The relationship between aggregate demand and the price level normally is a negative relationship, which creates a downward-sloping aggregate demand curve. B) Develop a model showing the importance and effects of Aggregate Demand on the overall economy. The model is aggregate supply/ aggregate demand†¦show more content†¦It stimulates the aggregate demand and thereby increases overall economic activities and growth. Fiscal policy, as it will be explained below, could affect the whole economy through affecting the aggregate demand. For example, increasing government spending lead to increase the aggregate demand and thereby boost the entire economy (more details about this example and how the expansionary and contractionary fiscal policy could affect aggregate demand and thereby affect the overall economy are in the answers of sections d and e) C) What is Fiscal Policy? What are the goals of Fiscal Policy? What are the tools of Fiscal Policy? Fiscal policy is the government’s plan for spending and taxation (which in the United States is set by the Federal Reserve). Fiscal policy is helping to steer aggregate demand in the desired direction of the economy because the increasing or decreasing in spending and taxes levels influences the economy. Thus, the main goals of this policy are to help the government to manage inflation, employment and the flow of money through the economic system. There are two main tools of fiscal policy, taxes and spending. Taxes affect the economy by determining the total money that the government has to spend and how much money each person has to spend. Secondly, government spending as a tool for fiscal policy can be used to drive government money to certain sectors that need an economic boost. These sectors who receives those dollars

The Content Theory Of Motivation And Its Implications

1.0 Introduction Definition This essay will analyse a content theory of motivation and its implications, benefits and limitations for organisational practices. Motivation is having the willingness or enthusiasm to having to undertake something (Cambridge Dictionary, n.d.). In business, motivation can be defined as undertaking a manner where you are giving someone a reason or an influence of doing something, this could be by offering an award or by applauding the individual s work, which would lead to motivation for them to challenge themselves to go further (Merriam Webster, n.d.). Employee motivation is where several factors take place in influencing the demeanor in which the employees responds and works within the workplace, employee motivation is generally influenced by how the organisation handles and controls motivation factors. 2.0 Content Theory - Herzberg s Two Factor Theory. The chosen content theory for this essay is Frederick Herzberg s theory of motivation, Frederick Herzberg is a well-respected psychologist and professor from the United States of America. His theory is well known as the ‘Motivation-Hygiene’ or ‘Two-factor’ theory (Chartered Management Institute, 2003). This theory is similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs but this theory focuses mainly on individuals within the workplace, how they react when motivated and when hygiene factors come into play within the workplace . Herzberg had noticed that factors leading to job satisfaction wereShow MoreRelatedWhy Should A Firm Seek Help Motivate And Satisfy It Employees?1289 Words   |  6 Pageson increased employee motivation and satisfaction correlated directly with the overall business effectiveness (Watson, 1994, p. 4). Increasingly businesses are recognizing the importance of motivated workforces, thus the issue becomes a question of how should a firm seek to motivate and satisfy it employees? 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Motivation The  processes  that  account  for  an  individual’s  willingness  to   exert  high  levels  of  effort to  reach  organizational  goals,   conditioned  by  the  effort s  ability  to  satisfy  some  individual  Read MoreEmployee Retention Practices And Motivation Theories865 Words   |  4 PagesWeek 3 reading was related to motivation theories and explained the employee motivation affects on employee retention. Reading, examines how developing and implementing employee retention practices create a competitive advantage. This reading provides a connection between the effective employee retention practices and motivation theories as well as how these efforts serve as a strategy to increasing organizational performance. Also, making the case for financial importance in maintaining suchRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs Essay954 Words   |  4 Pagescompany and are heading for retirement. 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Excellence Is Your Best Weapon For Fighting Racism Essay Example For Students

Excellence Is Your Best Weapon For Fighting Racism Essay Excellence is Your Best Weapon for Fighting RacismThe Bible says that the poor will always be with us. An similar statement isthat racism will always be with us. So, the question is, What should we doabout it? There are many ways to fight racism: you might march, protest,complain, or beg the government for help. Some of these methods have worked wellin the past. However, I think the best and most effective weapon today forfighting racism is excellence. Excellence will bring down more racial barriersthan all the marching and shouting in the world. To develop the weapon of excellence, we must take advantage of all theeducational opportunities that are available to us. Even though the doors ofopportunity are not always opened equally to everyone, there are still ways tobe what you want to be, go where you want to go, and have what you want to have. And it does not matter where you live, how poor you are. You still have theability to succeed. As long as you have your health and can think, success ispossible. Accepting the fact that the doors of opportunity are not opened equally toeveryone, one thing that is equal for everyone is time.There is the samenumber of hours in the day for all of us. How you use these hours is your choice. You can use them on the playground or you can use them to play the books. Playing on the playground might give you some hours of immediate enjoyment, butplaying the books will give you long-term gratification. African Americans and other minorities can no longer use the excuses of beingpoor or living in a bad neighborhood or small town to keep us from achievingexcellence through education. In some cases, the poorer you are the moreeducational opportunities that are available to you. Poverty should not be anexcuse for not working up to your potential. No matter how poor you think youare, there is always someone who is poorer. Please do not be embarrassed by or ashamed of the size your home town. Manyindividuals from small towns have become very successful and risen to the top oftheir professions. If President Clinton can change his address from Hope,Arkansas to 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C., then you know it ispossible to fulfill your aspirations, whatever they might be. PresidentClintons rise to the top of his profession suggests to me that whether you area big time runner from New York City, or a guy who runs around the block in FallCity, Washington, the formula for success in life is still the same. Thatformula is hard work, dedication, determination, and a small amount ofrecreation. Like any good recipe, some ingredients are more important thanothers. If you are making a cake, you use a lot more sugar than salt. And if youwant to have a life of cake, hard work should be your sugar and recreation yoursalt. For those African Americans and other minorities who are attending mainly whiteschools, you should use the scientific approach to problem solving. Whenscientists and engineers solve problems, they always state what is given andwhat is assumed. It can be given that a particular professor or teacher isracist, or you can assume that he or she is a racist. Either way, you must finda solution to the problem. I am not advocating in the classroom, but you shouldchoose the right weapon for the right occasion. In this case, making an A inthe course is the best weapon. .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee , .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee .postImageUrl , .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee , .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee:hover , .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee:visited , .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee:active { border:0!important; } .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee:active , .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1f53db407af4049b954a826d22a4d9ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Raisin In The Sun Essay IntroductionIf you think racism is bad now, just imagine how things were 30 years ago. Everytime I hear someone mention how bad racism is today, I am reminded of a movie Ionce saw, when a young black teenage boy and his grandfather were going to townone morning in a small southern town. As the boy and his grandfather drovethrough a stoplight, a policeman saw them run the light and pulled them over. The policeman walked up to the car and asked: Boy, why did you run that redlight? The grandfathers reply was, Captain, I saw the white folks going onthe green light so I thought the red light was for us. At least we haveprogressed to the point that we can now go on the yellow light. Let me restate, you should not let racism or any other kind of isms keep youfrom being successful. Often you will hear some minority students at mainlywhite schools make the statement, If this place were not so racist I would dobetter in school. Our nation is way off of being successful, because all racismwill never be removed from our schools or society. The likelihood of thishappening is about the same as finding elephants roosting in trees. You shouldremember that when you are educating the field to success, you will hit a fewrocks. Some of the rocks will be black, some will be white, and others will beall colors in between. Regardless of whether the rocks are black or white, ifyou want to cut a good harvest, you had better keep plowing. It is the seed youscatter that decides what your harvest is going to look like. You cannot plantcorn and expect to harvest tomatoes. Lets face it everyone, many of you have not worked up to your full potential. If the police were to arrest some of you today based on the effort you put intoyour school work, they would have to release you due to a lack of evidence. Academically, if you are going in the wrong direction, for whatever reasons, Iwant you to know that it is not illegal to make a U-turn. As you view yourhorizon, in your vision lie the problems of today and the successes of tomorrow. What do you see?

Types of Meetings free essay sample

There are several types of meetings, including formal, semi-formal and informal. A Formal Meeting Formal meetings follow set meeting procedures that are not always used for informal meetings. The following three types of meetings are formal: †¢Annual General Meetings †¢Extraordinary General Meetings †¢Board Meetings They all have: †¢An Agenda †¢A Notice of Meeting †¢Motions are put, discussed and voted on following certain rules †¢Proposers and Seconders of motions have their names recorded in the minutes. †¢Structured Minutes are taken. An Informal Meeting  Semi-formal and informal meetings do not necessarily follow all the rules of formal meetings, though they usually have the same documentation, such as an agenda and minutes. Staff meetings, club meetings and any meeting which is a get-together for managing an organisation and making decisions for the group are often semi-formal or informal meetings. At informal meetings there are often no motions put and voted upon these may be information sharing or reporting meetings. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Meetings or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The meeting may make decisions informally, with these recorded in the minutes, but not necessarily a proposer or seconder. Informal meetings sometimes do not have a notice of meeting or an agenda. They occasionally do not take down minutes, but sometimes, they have all three. It often depends on the rules of the organisation that is holding the meeting. Most business meetings and meetings of registered organisations, such as sporting clubs, are required to keep records of meetings and these meetings are often semi-formal, rather than informal. (Source: Janison Toolbox) Types of Meetings Inaugural meetings An inaugural meeting is held once only for the commencement of an organisation. Annual General Meeting (AGM) An Annual General Meeting is held once a year to provide an account of the company’s or organisation’s position to members/shareholders, elect office bearers for the coming period and for ratification of critical decisions. Extraordinary general meetings An extraordinary general meeting is held when unanticipated events require an urgent response, to precipitate a crisis or to transact special or urgent business. An example could be an extraordinary general meeting held when the accountant has skipped off with the company funds. Directors’ or Board meetings Directors’ or Board meetings are held regularly to transact normal company business. For smaller organisations these might be called Committee or Management. Section/Department meetings Department meetings are generally regular meetings held to transact business of specific interest to the department. Specific interest groups Specific interest groups in an organisation may be cross-sectoral groups such as an Information Technology Committee or an Environmental Awareness Interest Group. Conferences Conferences are meetings for receiving information, consultation and discussion. The Order of Proceedings is usually distributed in a program rather than an Agenda. Seminars and workshops Seminars and workshops are groups of people who meet together to pursue common study or research areas. Ad hoc An ad hoc committee is a group formed for a specific purpose, such as preparing a tender submission. This group may meet regularly for a specific period of time determined by the task and normally dissolves after their task is accomplished. Regular or standing committee A regular or standing committee meeting is one that may be called as part of the ongoing business of an organisation. An Occupational Health and Safety committee and a Finance committee are examples of standing committees which remain in place for the life of the organisation. (Source: Janison Toolbox) What is the purpose of this meeting? There are basically two types of meetings – those that provide information and those that are called to make decisions. The two types of meeting are best handled in different ways so it useful to know in advance which kind you are to be dealing with. CharacteristicsMeeting to provide informationDecision Making Meeting Number presentAny numberless than 12 Who should be thereThose who need to knowThose responsible and who have something to contribute Communication processFrom the leader to the participants with opportunities for questionsAn interactive discussion involving all those present Meeting room set-upClassroom style – participants facing the frontConference style – participants facing each other Most effective style of leadershipAuthoritativeParticipative Emphasis should be onContentInteraction and problem solving Key to successPlanning and preparation of information to be presented. A meeting climate that supports open, free expression Source: Effective Meetings – matching purpose to type The following table recognises and matches four purposes and ten types of meetings. Purpose Characteristics Type Dealing with information eg giving or receiving reports, issuing instructions, announcing and explaining new proceduresup to three peopleinformal four or more people or a teamformal needs feedback discussioninformal or formal keeps directors up to dateformal involves shareholdersAGM or EGM involves informing many peoplepublic involves speakers giving informationconference. Solving problems  handling grievancesonly one other personone-to-one needs input from several people or a teamone-off committee concerns an urgent problemimpromptu Making Decisions eg choosing between options, obtaining authorisation, deciding on a course of actionneeds quick decision of concerns non-standard business matterimpromptu involves regular business matterformal needs discussion or authorisation at the highest levelboard needs authorisation from the shareholders of a companyAGM or EGM Encouraging New Ideas eg generating creative solutionsneeds creative ideas to be discussedinforma. l  needs new ideas to be invented quicklybrainstorming needs reports on issues to be considered, discussed and preparedformal Source: http://www. srds. co. uk/cedtraining/handouts/hand53. htm Whats different about conference calls and videoconferences? Conference calls and videoconferences are similar to in-person meetings, but the differences in media suggest some changes in the way these meetings are managed. Here are some tips on managing technology-enabled conferences. †¢Set an agenda in advance. †¢Choose a time that works for all participants, factoring in time zones. Confirm attendee list and make sure all handouts have arrived. †¢If the call is incoming, be ready when the phone rings. If youre cutting it close, delegate someone to pick up. †¢If the call is outgoing, dial in one or two minutes before the conference is scheduled to begin. †¢If youre initiating, learn how to use the conferencing system ahead of time. †¢Identify yourself by name even if your system does it automatically. †¢Make sure you can see and hear everyone (videoconferences). †¢Greet each person by name. †¢Dont leave out the small talk. Repeat names during the call (especially teleconferences). †¢If youre a silent participant, resist the urge to talk. †¢Let one person speak at a time, so that no ones words get cut off. †¢Stick to your role: are you leading? facilitating? lurking? †¢If a party becomes disconnected from a call facilitated by a teleconferencing system, that person should dial back in unobtrusively. †¢If parties are disconnected from a three-way call, the person who initiated the call should reconnect the person. †¢End on time. As in all meetings, its important to stick to the agenda and manage time effectively.